Rapport d'activité de l'unité Virologie Moléculaire
CNRS URA 1966
Responsable : GIRARD Marc (mgirard@pasteur.fr)
Résumé du rapport
L'unité de Virologie Moléculaire s'intéresse depuis de nombreuses
années au problèmes de la réplication des Picornavirus. Ces petits
virus à RNA sont responsables de nombreuses maladies chez
l'homme (notamment la poliomyélite, le rhume et l'hépatite A
provoquée par le HAV) et chez l'animal (notamment des
encéphalomyélites chez la souris et la fièvre aphteuse chez le bétail.
Un autre virus est étudié dans l'unité: celui du SIDA, le VIH.
Texte du rapport
Responsable : Annette Martin: Deux caractéristiques de ces virus
retiennent plus particulièrement l'attention. C'est tout d'abord le fait
que leur information génétique est traduite sous forme d'une seule
longe protéine précurseur dite polyprotéine virale, qui donne
naissance par clivages endopeptidiques aux 4 protéines des particules
virales et aux enzymes nécessaires à la multiplication du virus. On
trouve parmi ces dernières la réplicase, une hélicase et divers facteurs
impliqués dans la réplication de l'ARN viral ainsi que deux protéases
qui assurent le découpage de la polyprotéine. Nous avons étudié la
spécificité de ces dernières, la nature de leur site actif, leur signaux
de reconnaissance et les étapes intermédiaires de la cascade
protéolytique qu'elles génèrent. On commence à bien connaitre le
processus pour les virus de la poliomymélite et de la fièvre aphteuse,
mais il reste encore des points particuliers à résoudre pour le HAV.
Responsable: Katherine Kean: Une seconde caractéristique des
picornavirus est l'existence dans la partie amont (5') de leur ARN
d'une structure secondaire spéciale, qui permet aux ribosomes de la
cellule hôte de se positionner directement à l'endroit du codon AUG
initiateur de la polyprotéine, sans avoir à rechercher cet AUG en
cheminant le long de la séquence du messager qui précède. On a
baptisé ce site d'entrée interne du ribosome "IRES". L'existence des
IRES permet à la traduction des protéines des picornavirus
d'échapper à l'inhibition de la traduction des protéines qu'entraine
l'infection virale. Le virus détourne ainsi à son profit la synthèse des
protéines de la cellule hôte. Nous avons analysé les divers éléments
de structure des IRES, comparé leur efficacité respective, montré
qu'elles pouvaient varier d'un virus à l'autre et surtout d'un type
cellulaire à l'autre et nous sommes en train d'analyser les facteurs de
la machinerie cellulaire qui permettent aux ribosomes de reconnaitre
les IRES et de s'y fixer. Nous avons montré par ailleurs que les
IRES jouent aussi un rôle dans la réplication des génomes viraux, ce
qui nous a conduit à proposer un modèle pour expliquer comment la
même molécule d'ARN viral peut être d'abord traduite dans le sens
5' -> 3' puis répliquée dans le sens opposé (3'-> 5')
Responsable: Marc Girard: Un autre virus étudié dans l'unité est
celui du SIDA, le VIH. Un énorme pas en avant a été fait avec la
découverte des co-récepteurs: le virus utilise (outre le CD4) le
récepteur CXCR4 s'il s'agit d'une souche adaptée aux lymphocytes
T; ou le récepteur CCR5 (et CCR3) s'il s'agit d'une souche sauvage
macrophages-monocytes-tropique. Nous avons montré que
l'expression dans des cellules CD4+ CCR5+ de la gp160 d'une
souche sauvage macrophage-tropique (BX08) entraine la formation
de syncitia. Ce phénomène est bloqué par les chimi
okines RANTES et MIP1b, qui empêchent la multiplication des
souches sauvages de VIH. Il reflète donc fidèlement la première
étape de la pénétration du virus dans la cellule hôte. Nous cherchons
à identifier les anticorps éventuellement capables de la bloquer, car ce
devraient être des anticorps potentiellement protecteurs. Nous
tentons d'autre part d'exprimer à l'état natif, oligomérique, la
glycoprotéine gp160 de BX08, afin d'en étudier par la suite
l'immunogénicité chez l'animal. Cette gp160 est capable de former
des complexes ternaires avec les récepteurs CD4 et CCR5. Nous
nous attachons à identifier la région de la molécule impliquée dans
cette interaction. En parallèle, plusieurs études sont en cours pour
comparer des vaccins vivants recombinants et des vaccins génétiques
à base de plasmides nus
Responsable: Catherine Vidal: Nous avons enfin abordé l'étude
de l'atteinte neurologique provoquée par le VIH chez les patients
VIH-positifs, en tentant de reproduire chez le rat les lésions
fonctionnelles observées chez l'homme dans le cas de neuro-SIDA.
Nous nous proposons de greffer pour cela, dans le cerveau de
l'animal, des cellules de microglie exprimant la gp160 ou les
protéines Nef ou Tat du VIH. Si cette approche apporte les résultats
espérés, on envisagera de l'élargir au domaine des protéines des
prions et des maladies dégénératives humaines.
Personnel de l'unité
Secrétariat de l'unité
Claude Avrameas IP
Chercheurs de l'unité
Altmeyer Ralf, IP
Borman Andy, IP
Girard Marc, IP
Kean Katherine, CNRS
Martin Annette, IP
Vidal Catherine, IP
Stagiaires de l'unité
Cohen Lisette, MC
Granon Sylvie, Post-Doc
Habel André, Thèse
Mordelet Elodie, Thèse
Autre personnel de l'unité
Benichou Danièle, Ingénieur CNRS
Staropoli Isabelle, Ingénieur IP
Publications de l'unité
VIROLOGIE MOLECULAIRE
URA CNRS 1966
LISTE DES PUBLICATIONS DEPUIS 1990
- J. PETITJEAN, M. QUIBRIAC, F. FREYMUTH, F. FUCHS, N. LACONCHE, M. AYMARD and H. KOPECKA .1990. Specific detection of enteroviruses in clinical samples by molecular hybridization using poliovirus subgenomic riboprobes . J. Clin. Microbiol. 28: 307-311.
- M. BOULOY, N. PARDIGON, P. VIALAT, S. GERBAUD and M. GIRARD. 1990. Characterization of the 5' and 3' ends of viral messenger RNAs isolated from BHK21 cells infected with Germiston virus (Bunyavirus). Virology 175: 50-58.
- M. GIRARD. 1990. Prospects for an AIDS vaccine. Cancer Detection and Prevention, 14: 411-413.
- M. GIRARD. 1990. Prospects for the development of an HIV vaccine. In: Santé Publique et Maladies à Transmission sexuelle (eds.N.Job/-Spira, B;Spencer, J.P.Maatti and E.Bouvet) J. Libbey , Eurotext, Paris, pp.533-534.
- A. CHARBIT, C. LECLERC, S. VAN DER WERF, P. MARTINEAU, J. RONCO, D.O'COLLAGHAN and M. HOFNUNG, 1990. Antibody response to foreign epitopes expressed within envelope proteins of Gram negative bacteria. In: "Vaccines 90 " (eds F. Brown,R. Chanock,H. Ginsberg and R. Lerner) . Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, pp.451-455.
- S. VAN DER WERF, A. CHARBIT, C. LECLERC, V. MIMIC, J. RONCO,
M. GIRARD and M. HOFNUNG. 1990. Critical role of neighbouring sequences on the immunogenicity of the C3 poliovirus neutralization epitope expressed at the surface of recombinant bacteria. Vaccine 8: 269-277.
- J.P. BOUTIN, F. FLYE SAINTE MARIE, J.L. CARTEL, R. CARDINES,
M. GIRARD and J. ROUX. 1990. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in the Austral archipelago, French Polynesia: identification of transmission patterns for the formulation of immunization strategies. Trans. Royal Soc.Trop.Med.and/ Hyg. 84: 283-287.
- M. GIRARD, D. MARC, A. MARTIN, T. COUDERC, D. BENICHOU, A. CANDREA, R. CRAINIC, F. HORAUD and S. VAN DER WERF. 1990. Application of site-directed mutagenesis to the study of poliovirus capsids: myristylation of VP4 is required for virion stability and a sequence of 12 amino acids in VP1 determines the host range of the virus. In: New Aspects of positive-strand RNA viruses. (eds M.A.Brinton and F.X.Heinz) Amer. Soc. for Microbiol., Washington D.C. pp.319-327.
- C. WYCHOWSKI, S.U. EMERSDON, J. SILVER and S.M. FEINSTONE. 1990. In vitro site directed mutagenesis with a single stranded DNA generated by the polymerase chain reaction: its application to the construction of chimaeric hepatitis A virus/poliovirus subgenomic cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 913-918.
- M. GIRARD. 1990. Les vaccins 100 ans après Louis Pasteur. Ann. Inst.Pasteur/Actualités 1: 102-113.
- E. BAHRAOUI, M. YAGELLO, J.L. BILLAUD, J.M. SABATIER, B. GUY, E. MUCHMORE, M. GIRARD and J.C. GLUCKMAN. 1990. Immunogenicity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) recombinant nef gene product. Mapping of T-cell and B-cell epitopes in immunized chimpanzees. AIDS Res. and Human Retroviruses 6: 1087-1098
- O. FICHOT and M. GIRARD. 1990. An improved method for sequencing of RNA templates. Nucleic Acids Res.,18: 6162.
- C. LECLERC, P. MARTINEAU, S. VAN DER WERF, E. DERIAUD, P. DUPLAY and M. HOFNUNG. 1990. Induction of virus neutralizing antibodies by bacteria expressing the C3 poliovirus epitope in the periplasm. The route of immunization determines the isotypic distribution and the biological activity of the anti-poliovirus antibodies. J.Immunol. 144: 3174-3182.
- D. MARC, G. MASSON, M. GIRARD and S. VAN DER WERF. 1990. Lack of myristoylation of poliovirus capsid polypeptide VPO prevents the formation of virions or results in the assembly of non-infectious virus particles. J.Virol. 64: 4099-4107.
- B. BLONDEL, N. TALBOT, G.R. MERLOT, C. WYCHOWSKI, H. YOKOZAKI, E.M. VALVERIUS, and R.H. BASSIN. 1990. Efficient induction of focus formation in NIH 3T3 cells by c-Myc and its inhibition by serum and growth factors. Oncogene 5: 857-865.
- J. RONCO, A. CHARBIT, J.F. DEDIEU, M. MANCINI, M.L. MICHEL, Y. HENIN , D.O' CALLAGHAN, M. KACZOREK, M. GIRARD and M. HOFNUNG. 1990. Is there a neutralization epitope in the second conserved domain of HIV-1 envelope protein ? AIDS Res. and Human Retroviruses 7: 1-2.
- M. GIRARD and J.W. EICHBERG. 1990. Progress in the development of HIV vaccines. AIDS, 4: (suppl.1) 5143-5150.
- H. KOPECKA. 1990. Sondes nucléiques en Virologie. In: XIII° Journées Nationales de Biologie, Lyon 1990, Editions J.P., Décines, pp.133-138.
- D. O.'CALLAGHAN, A. CHARBIT, P. MARTINEAU, C. LECLERC, S. VAN DER WERF, C. NAUCIEL and M. HOFNUNG. 1990. Immunogenicity of foreign peptide epitopes expressed in bacterial envelope proteins. Res.Microbiol. 141: 963-969.
- M. GIRARD. 1990. Immune responses of chimpanzees to live recombinant, inactivated, subunit and synthetic prototype HIV vaccines. In:"Retroviruses of human AIDS and related diseases", (eds. M.Girard and L. Valette) Fondation Marcel Mérieux, Lyon pp.265-269.
- P. SONIGO, M. GIRARD and D.DORMONT. 1990. Designs and trials of AIDS vaccines. Immunology Today 11: 465-47.
- K. KEAN, N. TETERINA and M. GIRARD. 1990. Cleavage specificity of 3C poliovirus protease is not restricted to Gln-Gly at the 3C/3D junction. J.Gen.Virol. 71: 2553-2663.
- P. SONIGO, L. MONTAGNIER, P. TIOLLAIS and M. GIRARD. AIDS vaccines: concepts and trials. Immunodeficiency Reviews, 1990 ,1: 349-366.
1991
- M. GIRARD. 1991. Immunization of chimpanzees provides protection against HIV challenge . In: "Retroviruses of human AIDS and related diseases", (eds M. Girard and M.Valette) Fondation Marcel Mérieux, Lyon pp. 231-234.
- A. MARTIN, D. BENICHOU, T. COUDERC, J.M. HOGLE, C. WYCHOWSKI, S. VAN DER WERF and M. GIRARD. 1991. Use of type 1/type 2 chimaeric polioviruses to study determinants of poliovirus type 1 neurovirulence in a mouse model.Virology 180: 648-658.
- M. GIRARD, M.P. KIENY, A. PINTER, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, P. NARA, H. KOLBE, K. KUSUMI, A. CHAPUT, T. REINHART, E. MUCHMORE, J. RONCO, M. KACZOREK, E. GOMARD, J.C. GLUCKMAN and P.N. FULTZ. 1991 . Immunization of chimpanzees confers protection against challenge with human immunodeficiency virus . Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 88: 542-546.
- V. DEUBEL, M. BORDIER, F. MEGRET, M.K. GENTRY, J.J. SCHLESINGER and M. GIRARD. 1991. Processing, secretion and immunoreactivity of carboxy terminally truncated Dengue-2 virus envelope proteins.Virology 180: 442-447.
- C. LECLERC, E. DERIAUD, V. MIMIC and S. VAN DER WERF. 1991. Identification of a T-cell epitope adjacent to neutralization antigenic site 1 of poliovirus type 1. J.Virol. 65: 711-718.
- M. BOULOY. 1991. Bunyaviridae: genome organization and replication strategies. In: Adv. in Virus Res. 40: pp. 235-275.
- K . M. KEAN, N.L. TETERINA, D. MARC and M. GIRARD . 1991. Analysis of putative active site residues of the poliovirus 3C protease. Virology 181: 609-619.
- T. COUDERC, A. MARTIN, C. WYCHOWSKI, M. GIRARD, F. HORAUD and R. CRAINIC . 1991. Analysis of neutralization escape mutants selected from a mouse virulent type 1/type 2 chimeric poliovirus : identification of a type 1 poliovirus with the antigenic site 1 deleted. J. Gen.Virol. 72: 973-977.
- J.C. GLUCKMAN, M.YAGELLO, J.L. BILLAUD,T. JOUAULT and M. GIRARD 1991. Immune response against HIV and protection from infection. In: Retroviruses of human AIDS and related animal diseases. (eds M.Girard and L.Vallette) Fondation Marcel Mérieux, Lyon, pp. 241-246
- P. DESPRES, M. GIRARD and M. BOULOY. 1991. Characterization of yellow fever virus proteins E and NS1 expressed in Vero and spodoptera frugiperda cells. J. Gen.Virol. 72: 1331-1342.
- M. BELO, M. YAGELLO, M. GIRARD, R. GREENLEE, A. DESLANDRES, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI and J.C. GLUCKMAN. 1991. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against HIV-1 in sera of immunized chimpanzees. AIDS 5: 169-176.
- D. MARC, M. GIRARD and S. VAN DER WERF. 1991. A Gly 1 to Ala substitution in poliovirus capsid protein VP0 blocks its myristoylation and prevents viral assembly. J. Gen.Virol. 72:1151-1157.
- S. DUBROU, H. KOPECKA, J.M. LOPEZ-PILA, J. MARECHAL and J. PREVOT.1991. Detection of hepatitis A virus and other enteroviruses in waste water and surface water samples by gene probe assay. Wat.Sci.Tech/., 24:267-272.
- A.R. NEURATH, S. JIANG, N. STRICK, H. KOLBE, M-P. KIENY, E. MUCHMORE and M. GIRARD. 1991. Antibody responses of chimpanzees immunized with synthetic peptides corresponding to full-length V3 hypervariable loops of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. AIDS Res. Human Retroviruses, 7:813-823.
- P. DESPRES, J. DIETRICH, M. GIRARD and M. BOULOY. 1991. Recombinant baculoviruses expressing yellow fever virus E and NS1 proteins elicit protective immunity in mice. J. Gen.Virol.,72: 2811-2816.
- M. GIRARD. 1991. The challenge of HIV vaccines. Vaccine, 9: 781-783.
- T. O. YEATES, D.H. JACOBSON, A. MARTIN, C. WYCHOWSKI, M. GIRARD, D.J. FILMAN and J.M. HOGLE. 1991. Three-dimensional structure of a mouse-adapted type 2/type 1 poliovirus chimera. EMBO J. 10: 2331-2341.
- M. GIRARD. 1991. Vaccines. In: Human Gene Transfer. O. Cohen- Haguenauer and M. Boiron eds, Colloque INSERM/John Libbey. Eurotext Ltd. 219: 33-47.
- R. MULLER, C. ARGENTINI, M. BOULOY, C. PREHAUD and D.H.L. BISHOP. 1991. Completion of the genome sequence of Rift Valley fever phlebovirus indicates that the L RNA is negative sense or ambisense and codes for a putative transcriptase-replicase. Nucl.Acids Res.,19 :5433.
- M. BOULOY. 1991. Bunyaviridae. In: Atlas of Invertebrates Viruses, (J.R. Adams and J.R. Bonami eds), CRS Press, Inc. USA, pp. 499-513.
- P. DESPRES, J. DIETRICH, M. GIRARD and M. BOULOY. 1991. Recombinant baculoviruses expressing yellow fever E and NS1 proteins elicit protective immunity in mice.J. Gen.Virol., 72:2811-2816.
- M. GIRARD and D.P. BOLOGNESI. 1991. Vaccines and Immunology . AIDS, 5, S113-S114.
UNITE DE VIROLOGIE MOLECULAIRE, URA CNRS 1966
LISTE DES PUBLICATIONS DEPUIS 1992
- P. FULTZ, J.C. GLUCKMAN, E. MUCHMORE and M. GIRARD. 1992. Transient increases in numbers of infectious cells in an HIV-infected chimpanzee following immune stimulation. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 8:313-317.
- P.N. FULTZ, P. NARA, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, E. MUCHMORE, M.P. KIENY and M. GIRARD. 1992. Vaccine protection of chimpanzees against challenge with HIV-1 infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Science 256: 1687-1690.
- J. RONCO, J.F. DEDIEU, F.N. MARIE, A. PINTER, M. KACZOREK and M. GIRARD. 1992. High-titer HIV-1 neutralizing antibody response of rhesus macaques to gp160 and env peptides. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 8: 1117-1122.
- J.F. DEDIEU, J. RONCO, S. VAN DER WERF, J.M. HOGLE, Y. HENIN and M. GIRARD. 1992. Poliovirus chimaeras expressing sequences from the principal neutralization domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J.Virol. 66:3161-3167.
- F. BOUDET, M. GIRARD, J. THEZE and M. ZOUALI. 1992. Antibodies of HIV-1 positive subjects and experimentally immunized primates and rodents bind to sequence divergent regions of the third variable domain (V3) of gp120. Int. Immunol., 4:283-294.
- A. CAHOUR, B. FALGOUT and C.J. LAI. 1992. Cleavage of the Dengue virus polyprotein at the NS3/NS4A and NS4B/NS5 junctions is mediated by viral protease NS2B-NS3 , whereas NS4/NS4B may be processed by a cellular protease. J.Virol.,
66 :1535-1542.
- M. GIRARD. 1992. Immunization of chimpanzees against HIV-1 provides protection against cell-free and cell-associated virus challenge. In: Retroviruses of human AIDS and related animal diseases. (M. Girard and L. Valette eds), Fondation Marcel Mérieux, Lyon , pp. 231-234.
- G. ZOLL, W.J.G. MELCHERS, H. KOPECKA, G. JAMBROES, H.J.A. VAN DER POEL and J.M.D. GALAMA. 1992. General primer-mediated polymerase chain reaction for detection of enteroviruses. Application for diagnostic routine and persistent infections. J.Clin.Microbiol., 30:160-165.
- W.M. CHING, C. WYCHOWSKI, M.J. BEACH, H. WANG, C.L. DAVIES,
M. CARL, D.W. BRADLEY, H.J. ALTER, S.M. FEINSTONE and W.K. SHIH.
1992. Interaction of immune sera with synthetic peptides corresponding to the structural protein region of hepatitis C virus. Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci/. USA, 89:3190-3194.
- J. PETITJEAN, H. KOPECKA, F. FREYMUTH, J.M. LANGLARD, P. SCANU, F. GALATEAU, J.B. BOUHOUR, M. FERRIERE, M. KOMAJDA and P. CHARBONNEAU. 1992. Detection of enteroviruses in endomyocardial biopsy by molecular approach. J. Med.Virol., 37,:76-82.
- N. L TETERINA, K.M. KEAN, A.E. GORBALENYA, V.I. AGOL and M. GIRARD. 1992. Analysis of the functional significance of amino acid residues in the putative NTP-binding pattern of the poliovirus 2C protein. J.Gen.Virol.,73: 1977-1986.
- S. GERBAUD, N.PARDIGON, P.VIALAT and M.BOULOY. 1992. Organization of Germiston bunyavirus M open reading frame and physicochemical properties of the envelope glycoproteins. J. Gen. Virol., 73: 2245-2254.
- M.SHIRAI, T. AKATSUKA, D. PENDLETON, R. HOUGHTEN, C. WYCHOWSKI, K. MIHALIK, S. FEINSTONE and J.A. BERZOFSKY. 1992. Induction of cytotoxic T cells to a cross-reactive epitope in the hepatitis C virus nonstructural RNA polymerase-like protein. J.Virol., 66: 4098-4104.
- M. GIRARD, M.P. KIENY, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, P. NARA, E. MUCHMORE and P. FULTZ. 1992. La vaccination expérimentale contre le HIV-1 protège le chimpanzé contre l'injection d'épreuve de lymphocytes infectés. Bull.Acad.Méd., 176: 921-93.
- M. GIRARD. 1992. Active immunization of chimpanzee can provide protection against cell-associated as well as cell-free HIV-challenge. In: Viral diseases.The global challenge to health for all. (eds.P.Thongcharoen/, J.L.Melnick), Mahidol University, Bangkok, pp.78-82.
- P. VIALAT and M. BOULOY. 1992. Germiston virus transcriptase requires active 40S ribosomal subunits and utilizes capped cellular RNAs. J. Virol., 66: 685-693.
- J. LOPEZ-PILA, B. KRAWELITZKI, G. HACHULA, C. CHELER and H. KOPECKA 1992. Detection of virfses in water ans solid by molecular hybridization techniques and by PCR. Pitfalls and limitations. Proc. of the Sixth Int. Symp on Microbiol. Ecology, Barcelone, ed. ICOM Microbiol. Ecology, pp.1-6.
-
1993
- V. DEUBEL and M. BOULOY. 1993. Immunoprophylaxie contre les viroses exotiques (Fièvre jaune, Dengue, Encéphalite japonaise) In: Comptes rendus "Science et Défense 93" Nouvelles Avancées Scientifiques et Techniques (DGA), Ed. Dunod, pp. 331-336.
- K.M. KEAN, M.T. HOWELL, S. GRUNERT, M. GIRARD and R. J. JACKSON. 1993. Substitution mutations at the putative catalytic triad of the poliovirus 3C protease have differential effects on cleavage at different sites. Virology, 194:360-364.
- M. TARDY-PANIT, B. BLONDEL, A. MARTIN, F. TEKAIA, F. HORAUD and F. DELPEYROUX. 1993. A mutation in the RNA polymerase of poliovirus type 1 contributes to attenuation in mice. J. Virol., 67:4630-4638.
- H. DIZIER, J. DURKOPF, A. GROHMANN, H. KOPECKA and J.M. LOPEZ-PILA. 1993. Viruses and water: problems detection, and control. Wat. Sci.Tech. 27:127-133.
- A. GRAKOUI, D.W. McCOURT, C. WYCHOWSKI, S.M. FEINSTONE and C. M. RICE. 1993. Expression and identification of hepatitis C virus polyprotein cleavage products. J. Virol., 67:1385-1395
- A. GRAKOUI, C.WYCHOWSKI, C. LIN, S.M. FEINSTONE and C. M. RICE. 1993. Characterization of the hepatitis C virus-encoded serine proteinase: determination of proteinase-dependent polyprotein cleavages and cleavage site specificity. J. Virol., 67,:2832-2843.
- H.KOPECKA, J.B.BOUHOUR, J. M. LANGLARD, J.PETITJEAN and F. FREYMUTH. 1993. Entérovirus et cardiomyopathies dilatées. Pathologie et Biologie, 41:n°6, 521-523.
- H. KOPECKA, S. DUBROU, J. PREVOT, J. MARECHAL and J. LOPEZ-PILA. 1993. Detection of naturally occuring enteroviruses in waters by PCR and hybridization. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59:1213-1219.
- F. FUCHS, I. LEPARC, H. KOPECKA, B. GALIN and M. AYMARD. 1993. Use of cRNA digoxigenin labelled probes for detection of enteroviruses in humans and environment. J. Virol. Methods, 42:217-226.
- E. MURPHY, B. KORBER, M.C.GEORGES-COURBOT, B. YOU, A. PINTER, D. COOK, M.P. KIENY, A. GEORGES, C. MATHIOT, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI and M. GIRARD. 1993. Diversity of V3 region sequences of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 from the Central African Republic. AIDS Res. Hum. Retrov., 9:997-1000.
- M. GIRARD. The needs and hopes for an AIDS vaccine. 1993. Biochimie, 75: 583-589.
- I. LEPARC, F. FUCHS, H. KOPECKA and M. AYMARD. 1993. Use of polymerase chain reaction with a murine model of picornavirus-induced myocarditis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 31:2890-2894.
- M. GRAKOUI, D.W.McCOURT, C.WYCHOWSKI, S.M. FEINSTONE and C.M.RICE. 1993. A second hepatitis C virus-encoded proteinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90,:10583-10587.
- K. SAKSELA, E. MUCHMORE, M. GIRARD, P. FULTZ and D. BALTIMORE. 1993. High viral load in lymph nodes and latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in peripheral blood cells of HIV-infected chimpanzees. J. Virol., 67:7423-7427.
- P. SONIGO and M. GIRARD. 1993. AIDS vaccines: Concepts and first trials. In: Immunodeficiencies (F. S. Rosen and M. Seligmann eds), Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 545-558.
- M. GIRARD, A. MARTIN and S. van der WERF. 1993. Potential use of poliovirus as a vector. Biologicals, 21: 371-377.
- J. BOUHOUR, J.M. LANGLARD, H. KOPECKA, J. PETITJEAN and F. FREYMUTH. 1993. Virus et cardiomyopathies dilatées. Arch des Maladies du Coeur, 86: 15-20.
- M. GIRARD, P. FULTZ, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, E. MUCHMORE, J. MAHONEY, L. RIMSKY. 1994. Further studies on HIV-1 vaccine protection in chimpanzees. In :"Retroviruses of human AIDS and related animal diseases" (Girard M., Valette L., eds). Fondation Marcel Mérieux, Lyon, pp. 139-143.
- J. PETITJEAN, F. FREYMUTH, H. KOPECKA, G. EUGENE-RUELLAN, J. M. LANGLARD, et J.B. BOUHOUR. 1994. Entérovirus et cardiomyopathies. Med. Mal. Infect., 24:102-107.
- J. PETITJEAN, F.FREYMUTH, H.KOPECKA, J. BROUARD, P. BOUTARD, P. LEBON. 1994. Detection of enteroviruses in cerebrospinal fluids: enzymatic amplification and hybridization with a biotinylated riboprobe. Mol. Cell.Probes, 8: 15-22.
- H. KOPECKA. 1994. Echoviruses. In: Encyclopedia of Virology (R.G. Webster and A. Garnoff eds) , Academic Press Ltd, 1: pp.354-360.
- M. SHIRAI, H. OKADA, M. NISHIOKA, T. AKATSUKA, C. WYCHOWSKI, R. HOUGHTEN, C.D. PENDLETON, S.M. FEINSTONE and J.A. BERZOFSKY. 1994. An epitope in hepatitis C virus core region recognized by cytotoxic T cells in mice and humans. J. Virol., 68: 3334-3342.
- M. GIRARD. 1994. Human immunodeficiency virus. In: Vaccines 2/E, ( S. Plotkin and E. Mortimer eds ), W.B.Saunders , Philadelphia., pp. 823-866.
- A. M. BORMAN, F. G. DELIAT and K. M. KEAN. 1994. Sequences within the poliovirus internal ribosome entry segment control viral RNA synthesis. EMBO J., 13: 3149-3157.
- LAI,C.J., PETHEL, M. JAN, L.R. KAWANO, H., CAHOUR,A. and FALGOUT, B. 1994. Processing of dengue type 4 and other flavivirus non-structrural proteins. Archiv. Virol. (1994) (suppl.9), 359-368.
- R. ALTMEYER, N. ESCRIOU, M. GIRARD and S. VAN DER WERF. 1994. Recombinant Mengovirus as a novel approach to live vaccine development against HIV In:" Vaccines 94" (E. F. Brown, R. Chanock, H. Ginsberg and E. Norrby) eds . Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, pp. 197-202.
- R. ALTMEYER, N. ESCRIOU, M. GIRARD, A. PALMENBERG. and S. van der WERF, S. 1994. Attenuated Mengovirus as a recombinant vector for immunogenic HIV-1 gp120. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci., USA, 91:9775-9779.
- S. van der WERF, J.P. BRIAND, S. PLAUE, J. BURCKARD, M. GIRARD and M.H.V. VAN REGENMORTEL.1994. Ability of linear and cyclic peptides of neutralization antigenic site 1 of poliovirus type 1 to induce virus cross-reactive and neutralizing antibodies. Res.Virol., 145: 349-359.
- S. van der WERF. 1994. Poliovirus. In: "Synthetic Vaccines", (ed. B. Nicholson) Blackwell Scientific Publications, Ltd, pp. 494-531.
1995
- A. CAHOUR, A. PLETNEV, M. VAZELLE-FALCOZ, L. ROSEN and C.J.LAI. 1995. Growth restricted Dengue virus mutants containing deletions in the 5' non coding region of the RNA genome. Virology, 1995, 207: 68-76.
- M. GIRARD. Present status of vaccination against HIV-1 infection. 1995.
Int.J. Pharmac., 17: 75-78.
- R. ALTMEYER, M. GIRARD, S. van der WERF, V. MIMIC, L. SEIGNEUR and M.F. SARON. 1995. Attenuated Mengo virus : a new vector for live recombinant vaccines. J. Virol., 69:3193-3196.
- E. ZIEGLER, A.M. BORMAN, R. KIRCHWEGER, T. SKERN, and K.M. KEAN. 1995. Foot-and-Mouth disease virus Lb proteinase can stimulate rhinovirus and enterovirus IRES-driven translation and cleave several proteins of cellular and viral origin. J. Virol., 69:3465-3474.
- A.M. BORMAN, C. QUILLENT, P. CHARNEAU, C. DAUGUET, and F. CLAVEL. 1995. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif- mutant particles from restrictive cells: role of Vif in correct particle assembly and infectivity. J. Virol., 69:2058-2067.
- M. FLAMAND, M. CHEVALIER, E. HENCHAL, M. GIRARD, and V. DEUBEL. 1995. Purification and renaturation of Japanese encephalitis virus nonstructrural glycoprotein NS1 overproduced by insect cells. Prot. Exp. Purif., 6: 519-527.
- M. GIRARD and G. PIALOUX. 1995. Vaccination contre le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine. La Revue du Praticien, 45: 1520-1524.
- G. PIALOUX, J. L. EXCLER, Y. RIVIERE, G.GONZALEZ-CANALI, V. FEUILLIE, P. COULAND, J.C. GLUCKMAN, T.J. MATTHEWS, B. MEIGNIER, M.P. KIENY, P. GONNET, I. DIAZ, C.MERIC, E. PAOLETTI, J. TARTAGLIA, H. SALOMON, S. PLOTKIN, the AGIS Group (M. GIRARD, D.P. BOLOGNESI, R.C. GALLO, H. KOPROWSKI) and l'Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS). 1995. A prime-boost approach to HIV preventive vaccine using a recombinant canarypox virus expressing glycoprotein 160 (MN) followed by a recombinant glycoprotein 160 (MN/LAI). AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 11:373-381.
- N. ESCRIOU, C. LECLERC, S. GERBAUD, M. GIRARD and S. VAN DER WERF. 1995. Cytotoxic T cell response to Mengo virus in mice: effector cell phenotype and target proteins. J. Gen. Virol, 76: 1999-2007.
- A. M. BORMAN, C. QUILLENT, P. CHARNEAU, K.M. KEAN, F. CLAVEL. 1995. A highly defective HIV-1 group O provirus: Evidence for the role of local sequence determinants in G _> A hypermutation during negative strand viral DNA synthesis.Virology, 208:601-609.
- H. KOPECKA, B. BROWN and M. PALLANSCH. 1995. Genotypic variation in Coxsakievirus B5 isolates from three different outbreaks in the United States. Virus Research, 38:125-136.
- M. GIRARD, B. MEIGNIER, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, M.P. KIENY, T. MATTHEWS, E. MUCHMORE, P.L. NARA, Q. WEI, L. RIMSKY, K. WEINHOLD and P.N. FULTZ. 1995. Vaccine-induced protection of chimpanzees against infection by a heterologous immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol., 69:6239-6248.
- A.M. BORMAN, J.L. BAILLY, M. GIRARD, K.M. KEAN. 1995. Picornavirus internal ribosome entry segments: comparison of translation efficiency and the requirements for optimal internal initiation of translation in vitro. Nucleic Acids R
esearch, 23:3656-3663.
- A. MARTIN, N. ESCRIOU, S.F. CHAO, M. GIRARD, S. M. LEMON, C. WYCHOWSKI. 1995. Identification and site-directed mutagenesis of the primary (2A/2B) cleavage site of the hepatitis A virus polyprotein. Functional impact on the infectivity of HAV RNA transcripts. Virology, 213:213-222.
- G. VOGT, R. LEGRAND, B. VASLIN, F. BOUSSIN, M.H. BAYON AUBOYER, Y. RIVIERE, P. PUTKONEN, P. SONIGO, M.P. KIENY, M. GIRARD and D. DORMONT. 1995. Heterologous HIV-2 challenge of rhesus monkeys immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses and purified recombinant HIV-2 proteins. Vaccine, 13: 202-208.
- E. ZIEGLER, A.M. BORMAN, F.G. DELIAT, H.D.LIEBIG, D.JUGOVIC, K.M. KEAN, T.SKERN and E. KUECHLER. 1995. Picornavirus 2A proteinase-mediated stimulation of internal initiation of translation is dependent on enzymatic activity and the cleavage products of cellular proteins. Virology 213: 549-557.
- M. GIRARD, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, E. PAOLETTI, J. TARTAGLIA, B. COX, P. NARA, C. BLONDEAU, M.D. GEORGES-COURBOT, M.P. KIENY, E. MUCHMORE, E. VAN DER RYST, A. GEORGES, B. MEIGNIER, P. FULTZ. 1995. Homologous and heterologous protection from HIV-1 infection in chimpanzees. in: Retroviruses of human AIDS and related animal diseases (Girard M, Valette L. eds). 10ème Colloque des Cent Gardes, Fondation Marcel Mérieux, Lyon pp.179-183.
- M. GIRARD. 1995. In Memoriam: André Lwoff 1902-1994, Virology, 209:1-2.
- M. GIRARD. 1995. Vaccination against HIV-1 and related primate lentiviruses. In: Vaccines, one hundred years after Louis Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, pp.121-124.
- E. VAN DER RYST, M. GIRARD, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, P. FULTZ. 1995. La mise au point d'un vaccin contre le VIH. In: Le biologiste face au SIDA (F. ROUSSELET, P. CHAPPUIS, J. POUMON eds) XXXV° Dimanches Biologiques de Lariboisière, CNB , Paris, pp. 217-223
- F. LEGUAYADER, D. MENARD, M. POMMEPUY, H. KOPECKA. 1995. Use of RT-semi-nested PCR to assess viral contamination in caribbean rivers (Martinique). Wat. Sci. Tech., 31: 391-394.
- I. LEPARC-GOFFART, H. KOPECKA, F. FUCHS, I. JANATOVA, M. AYMARD and J. JULIEN. 1995. Search for poliovirus in specimens from patients with the post-polio syndrome. Ann. N.Y. Acad.Sci., 753: 233-236.
- D. SALMON-CERON, J.L. EXCLER, D. SICARD, P. BLANCHE, L. FINKIELSTZJEN, J.C. GLUCKMAN, B. AUTRAN, T. J. MATTHEWS, B. MEIGNIER, M.P. KIENY, C. VALENTIN, P. GONNET, I. DIAZ, H. SALOMON, G. PIALOUX, G. GONZALEZ-CANALI, S. PLOTKIN, the AGIS Group (M. GIRARD, D. P. BOLOGNESI, R.C. GALLO) and l'Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA. 1995. Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant HIV type 1 glycoprotein 160 boosted by a V3 synthetic peptide in HIV-negative volunteers. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 12: 1479-1486.
- M. GIRARD, R. ALTMEYER, S. VAN DER WERF, C. WYCHOWSKI and A. MARTIN. 1995. The use of picornarnaviruses as vectors for the engineering of live recombinant vaccines. Biologicals, 23: 165-169.
1996
- M. GIRARD, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, E. VAN DER RYST, P. FULTZ. 1996. An approach to vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 121: 461-463.
- J. L. BAILLY, A. BORMAN, H. PEIGUE-LAFEUILLE and K. KEAN. 1996.
Natural isolates of ECHO virus type 25 with extensive variations in IRES sequences and different translational efficiencies. Virology, 215: 83-96.
- A. BORMAN, S. PAULOUS and F. CLAVEL. 1996. Resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to protease inhibitors; selection of resistance mutations in the presence and absence of the drug. J. Gen. Virol., 77: 419-426.
- A. FOURNILLIER-JACOB, A. CAHOUR, N. ESCRIOU, M. GIRARD and C. WYCHOWSKI. 1996. Processing of the E1 glycoprotein of hepatitis C virus expressed in mammalian cells. J. Gen. Virol., 77: 1055-1064
- J.E. OSORIO, G.B. HUBBARD, K.F. SOIKE, M. GIRARD, S. VAN DER WERF, J.C. MOULIN and A.C. PALMENBERG. 1996. Protection of non-murine mammals against encephalomyocarditis virus using a genetically engineered Mengo virus. Vaccine 14: 155-161.
- M. GIRARD, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, E. VAN DER RYST, P. FULTZ. 1996. Vaccination of chimpanzees against HIV-1. Antibiot. Chemother. 48:121-124.
- C. QUILLENT, A. BORMAN, S. PAULOUS, C. DAUGUET and F. CLAVEL. 1996. Extensive regions of pol are required for efficient human immunodeficiency virus polyprotein processing and particle maturation. Virology 219:29-36.
-H. KOPECKA, S. LEGUYADER, E. DUBOIS, D. MENARD, L. MIOSSEC, M. POMMEUY. 1996. Les virus entériques transmissibles par le milieu aquatique. Epidémiologie et Santé Publique 44: 948.
-M. GIRARD. 1996. 1966-1996. Trente années de Virologie, Médecine Science, 12:
112-119.
-M. GIRARD, L.YUE, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, E. VAN DER RYST, B. MEIGNIER, E. MUCHMORE, P. FULTZ. 1996. Failure of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype B-derived vaccine to prevent infection of chimpanzees by an HIV-1 subtype E strain. J. Virol. 70: 8229-8233.
-L. COHEN, K.M. KEAN, M. GIRARD, S. VAN DER WERF. 1996. Effects
of P2 cleavage site mutations on poliovirus polyprotein processing. Virology, 224:
34-42.
-M. GIRARD. 1996. Research strategies for a vaccine against AIDS. in: "Vaccinia, vaccination and vaccinology, Jenner, Pasteur and their successors". S. Plotkin, B. Fantini (eds) Elsevier, Amsterdam, 315-320.
F.GAO, D.L. ROBERTSON, S.G. MORRISON, H. HUI, S. CRAIG, J. DECKER, P.N. FULTZ, M. GIRARD, G.M. SHAW, B.H. HAHN, P.M. SHARP. 1996. The heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic in Thailand is caused by in intersubtype (A/E) recombinant of African origin. J. Virol. 70:7013-7029.
- I. LEPARC-GOFART, J. JULIEN F. FUCHS, I. JANATOVA, M. AYMARD, H. KOPECKA. 1996. Evidence for the presence of poliovirus-like genomic sequences in the CSF of patients with the post-polio syndrome . J. Clin. Microbiol. 34: 2023-2026.
1997
- A. BORMAN, P. LE MERCIER, M. GIRARD and K.M. KEAN. 1997. Comparison of picornavirus IRES-driven internal initiation of translation in cultured cells of different origins. Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 925-932.
- R. MAHIEUX, F. IBRAHIM, P. MAUCLERE, V. HERVE, P. MICHEL, F. TEKAIA, C. CHAPPEY, B. GARIN, E. VAN DER RYST, B. GUILLEMAIN, E. LEDRU, E. DELAPORTE, G. DE THE, A. GESSAIN. 1997. Molecular epidemiology of 58 new African human T-cell leukemia virus type1 (HTLV-1) strains: Identification of a new and distinct HTLV-1 molecular subtype in Central Africa and Pygmies. J Virol. 71: 1317-1333.
- A. BORMAN, R.KIRCHWEGER, E. ZIEGLER, R. R. RHOADS, T. SKERN, K. M. KEAN. 1997. eIF4G and its proteolytic cleavage products: Effect on initiation of protein synthesis from capped, uncapped, and IRES-containing mRNAs. RNA, 3: 186-196.
- F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, M.C. GEORGES-COURBOT, P.N. FULTZ, H.N.T. TUYET, E. MUCHMORE, S. SARAGOSTI, G. DUBREUIL, A. GEORGES, E. VAN DER RYST and M. GIRARD. 1997. Characterization and titration of an HIV type 1 subtype E chimpanzee challenge stock. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 13: 583-591.
- A. FOURNILLIER-JACOB, M. GIRARD and C. WYCHOWSKI. 1997 Infection par le virus de l'hépatite C et réponse immunitaire: application au diagnostic et à la vaccination. 1997. Virologie, 1:217-218.
- M. GIRARD, E. VAN DER RYST, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, P. NARA, J. TARTAGLIA, E. PAOLETTI, C. BLONDEAU, M. JENNINGS, F. VERRIER, B. MEIGNIER and P. FULTZ. 1997. Challenge of chimpanzees immunized with recombinant canarypox-HIV-1 virus. Virology, 232:98-104.
- H. KOPECKA: 1997. Apport de la biologie moléculaire au diagnostic des entérovirus. in: l'Eurobiologiste 229:1-16.
- E. DUBOIS, F. LE GUYADER, H. KOPECKA, L. MIOSSEC, M. POMMEPUY. 1997. Molecular epidemiological survey of rotaviruses in sewage by reverse transcriptase-seminested PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Appl. Env. Mircrobiol, 63:1793-1800.
- F. VERRIER, P. CHARNEAU , R. ALTMEYER, S. LAURENT S, A.M. BORMAN, M. GIRARD.1997. Antibodies to several conformation-dependent epitopes of gp120/gp41 inhibit CCR-5 dependent cell-to-cell fusion mediated by the native envelope glycoprotein of a primary macrophage-tropic HIV-1 isolate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94:9326-9331.
- P. N. FULTZ, L. YUE, O WEI, M. GIRARD. 1997. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 intersubtype (B/E) recombination in a superinfected chimpanzee. J. Virol, 71:7990-7995.
- K.P.BLACK, P. N.FULTZ , GIRARD M, JACKSON S. 1997. IgA immunity in HIV type-1 infected chimpanzees. I. Systemic immunity. AIDS Res Hum. Retroviruses, 13:1263-1272.
- K.P.BLACK, .PN FULTZ, M. GIRARD, S. JACKSON. 1997. IgA immunity in HIV-1 type 1 infected chimpanzees. II. Mucosal immunity. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 13:1273-1282.
- A. M. BORMAN, K M KEAN. 1997. Intact eukaryotic initiation factor 4G is required for hepatitis A virus internal initiation of translation. Virology, 237:129-136.
- J.D. PRETET, ZERBIB, A.C., GIRARD, M., GUILLET, J.G., BUTOR, C. 1997. Chimpanzee CXCR4 and CCR5 act as coreceptor for HIV type 1. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 13: 16583-1587.
- M. GIRARD 1997. Vaccin anti-VIH: état de la question. Virologie, 1: 191-194.
1998
- E. VAN DER RYST, T. NAKASONE, A. HABEL, E. GOMARD, T. ALTMEYER, M. GIRARD, A. M. BORMAN. 1998. Study of the immunogenicity of different recombinant Mengo viruses expressing HIV-1 and SIV epitopes. Res. Virol., 149: 5-20.
- F GAO, D. L. BOBERTSON, C. D. CARRUTHERS, S. G. MORRISON, B. JIAN, Y. CHEN, F. BARRE-SINOUSSI, M. GIRARD, A. SRINIVASAN, A. G. ABIMIKU, G. M. SHAW, M. M. SHARP, B. L. HAHN. A comprehensive panel of near-full length clones and reference sequences for non-subtype B isolates of Human Immunoodeficiency Virus type 1. J Virol., 72: 5680-5698.
- M. GIRARD. 1998. Human Immuno Deficiency Virus. in «Vaccines». S. Plotkin, W.A. Mortiner (eds) 3ème édition, W.B. Saunders C°, Philadelphia, PA (sous presse)
- DAVIS IC, GIRARD M, FULTZ PN. 1998. Loss of CD4+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected chimpanzees is associated with increased lymphocytes apoptosis. J Virol, 72: 4623-4632.
- GIRARD M. 1998. The newest developments in AIDS vaccines. Hellenic Archives of AIDS, 6: 17-18.
- COËFFIER E, GIRARD M, BARRE-SINOUSSI F, MEIGNIER B, MUCHMORE E, FULTZ PN, LECLERC C. 1998. Fine specificity of anti-V3 antibodies induced in chimpanzees by HIV candidate vaccines. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 14: 1023-1034.
- KOPECKA, H. 1998. Echoviruses in: Encyclopedia in Virology. 2nd ed WEBSTER,RG and GARNOFF A, eds. Academic Press
- JULIEN J, LEPARC-GOFFART I, LINA B, FORAY S, FUCHS F, JANATOVA I, AYMARD M, KOPECKA H. 1998. The post-polio syndrome: poliovirus persistance is involved in the pathogenesis. J Neurology (sous presse)
- GIRARD M, MAHONEY J, WEI Q, VAN DER RYST E, MUCHMORE E, BARRE-SINOUSSI F, FULTZ P. 1998. Genital infection of female chimpanzees with human immunodeficiencyy virus type 1. AIDS Res Human Retrovirus 14: 1357-1367.
1999
- VERRIER F, BORMAN AW, BRAND D, GIRARD M. 1999. Role of the HIV type 1 glycoprotein 120 V3 loop in determining coreceptor usage. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 15: 731-743.
- SALMON-CERON D, EXCLER J-L, FINKIELZTEIN L, AUTRAN B, GLUCKMAN J-C, SICARD D, MATTHEWS TH, MEIGNIER B,
VALENTIN C, EL HABIB R, BLONDEAU C, RAUX M, MOOG C, TARTAGLIA J, CHONG P, KLEIN M, MILCAMPS B, HESMATI F, PLOTKIN S, The Agis Group, and L'agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS) 1999. Safety and immunogenicity of a live recombinant canarypox virus expressing HIV type 1 gp120 MN/tm/gag/protease LAI (ALVAC-HIV-1, vCP205) followed by a p24E-V3 MN synthetic peptide (CLTB-36) administered in healthy volunteers at low risk for HIV infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 15: 633-645.
- ALTMEYER E, MORDELET E, GIRARD M and VIDAL C. Expression and detection of macrophage-tropic gp120 in the brain using formation-dependent antibodies. 1999, Virology (sous presse)
En cas de problèmes ou de remarques concernant ce serveur Web, écrire à info@pasteur.fr.
Cette page a été modifiée pour la dernière fois le
Lundi 5 Juillet 1999 à 8 h 19 (Temps Universel)
.