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L. Dortet et al. (2012). Autophagy 8:1
Strategies used by L. monocytogenes to avoid autophagic recognition. Listeria is able to avoid autophagic recognition using two independent virulence factors, ActA and InlK. Depending on ActA and InlK expression, four possibilities can be distinguished:
(1) ActA and InlK are coexpressed by the bacterium: InlK recruits MVP (red) to the surface of the bacterium. ActA subsequently replaces InlK, and actin
(green) replaces MVP to disguise the bacteria and prevent ubiquitinated protein (Ub) recruitment/formation, p62 recognition and LC3 recruitment;
(2) neither ActA nor InlK is expressed: Listeria is surrounded by ubiquitinated proteins, p62 and LC3, leading to autophagy;
(3) In the absence of ActA, InlK recruits MVP and efficiently protects bacteria from ubiquitinated protein recruitment/formation, p62 recognition and LC3 recruitment;
(4) ActA is expressed, but not InlK: the recruitment of the Arp2/3 complex and actin is sufficient to prevent ubiquitinated protein recruitment/formation, p62 recognition and LC3 recruitment.
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